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13. Solomon A, Turunen H, Ngandu T, Peltonen M, Levalahti E, Helisalmi S, et al. Effect of the Apolipoprotein E Genotype on Cognitive Change During a Multidomain Lifestyle Intervention: A Subgroup Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol. 2018; 75: 462-70.
14. Yu JT, Xu W, Tan CC, Andrieu S, Suckling J, Evangelou E, Pan A, Zhang C, Jia J, Feng L, Kua EH, Wang YJ, Wang HF, Tan MS, Li JQ, Hou XH, Wan Y, Tan L, Mok V, Tan L, Dong Q, Touchon J, Gauthier S, Aisen PS, Vellas B. Evidence-based prevention of Alzheimer’s disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of 243 observational prospective studies and 153 randomised controlled trials. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2020 Nov;91(11):1201-1209. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-321913. Epub 2020 Jul 20. PMID: 32690803; PMCID: PMC7569385.
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DOMAIN 1 – Eat a Low Glycemic Load (GL) Diet
17.Luchsinger J et al, Neurology 2004; Abbatecola A et al, J Am Geriatr Soc, 2004; Xu W et al, Neurology, 63:1181–6 (2004); Hassing L et al, J Int Neuropsychol Soc, 2004; Yaffe K et al, J Nutr Health Aging, 2006; Roberts R et al, Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord, 2010
19. Tiehuis A et al, ‘Diabetes Increases Atrophy and Vascular Lesions on Brain MRI in Patients With Symptomatic Arterial Disease’ Stroke. 2008;39:1600-1603; see also Samaras K, et al. ‘The impact of glucose disorders on cognition and brain volumes in the elderly: the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study’Age (Dordr). 2014 Apr;36(2):977-93
20. Mortby M et al, ‘High “normal” blood glucose is associated with decreased brain volume and cognitive performance in the 60s: the PATH through life study.’ PLoS One. 2013 Sep 4;8(9):e73697; see also Crane P et al, ‘Glucose levels and risk of dementia.’ N Engl J Med. 2013 Aug 8;369(6):540-8
21. P.K. Crane et al., ‘Glucose levels and risk of dementia’, New England Journal of Medicine (2013), vol 369(6):540–548.
22. J.A. Luchsinger et al., ‘Hyperinsulinemia and risk of Alzheimer disease’, Neurology (2004), vol 63(7):1187–1192.
23. A.M. Abbatecola et al., ‘Insulin resistance and executive dysfunction in older persons’, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (2004), vol 52(10):1713–1718
24. X. Ye et al., ‘Habitual sugar intake and cognitive function among middle-aged and older Puerto Ricans without diabetes’, British Journal of Nutrition (2011), vol. 106(9):1423–1432.
25. S. Seetharaman et al., ‘Blood glucose, diet-based glycemic load and cognitive aging amongst dementia-free older adults’, Journals of Gerentology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences (2015), vol 70(4):471–479.
26. S.E. Power et al., ‘Dietary glycaemic load associated with cognitive performance in elderly subjects’, European Journal of Nutrition (2015), vol 54(4):557–568.
27. M.K. Taylor et al., ‘A high-glycemic diet is associated with cerebral amyloid burden in cognitively normal older adults’, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2017), vol 106(6):1463–1470.
28. Taylor MK, Sullivan DK, Swerdlow RH, Vidoni ED, Morris JK, Mahnken JD, Burns JM. A high-glycemic diet is associated with cerebral amyloid burden in cognitively normal older adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017 Dec;106(6):1463-1470. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.117.162263. Epub 2017 Oct 25. PMID: 29070566; PMCID: PMC5698843.
29. Gentreau M, Raymond M, Chuy V, Samieri C, Féart C, Berticat C, Artero S. High Glycemic Load Is Associated with Cognitive Decline in Apolipoprotein E ε4 Allele Carriers. Nutrients. 2020 Nov 25;12(12):3619. doi: 10.3390/nu12123619. PMID: 33255701; PMCID: PMC7761247.
30. M.E. Mortby et al., ‘High “normal” blood glucose is associated with decreased brain volume and cognitive performance in the 60s: the PATH through Life Study’, PLoS One (2013), vol 8:e73697.
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32. Yau PL, Castro MG, Tagani A, Tsui WH, Convit A. Obesity and metabolic syndrome and functional and structural brain impairments in adolescence. Pediatrics. 2012 Oct;130(4):e856-64. doi: 10.1542/peds.2012-0324. Epub 2012 Sep 3. PMID: 22945407; PMCID: PMC3457620.
33. Mangone A, Yates KF, Sweat V, Joseph A, Convit A. Cognitive functions among predominantly minority urban adolescents with metabolic syndrome. Appl Neuropsychol Child. 2018 Apr-Jun;7(2):157-163. doi: 10.1080/21622965.2017.1284662. Epub 2017 Feb 22. PMID: 28631969.
DOMAIN 2 – Up Brain Fats
37. Dyall, S. C. (2015, 2015-April-21). Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and the brain: A review of the independent and shared effects of EPA, DPA and DHA [Review]. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 7(52). https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2015.00052
38. Dyall, S. C., Balas, L., Bazan, N. G., Brenna, J. T., Chiang, N., da Costa Souza, F., Dalli, J., Durand, T., Galano, J. M., Lein, P. J., Serhan, C. N., & Taha, A. Y. (2022, Apr). Polyunsaturated fatty acids and fatty acid-derived lipid mediators: Recent advances in the understanding of their biosynthesis, structures, and functions. Prog Lipid Res, 86, 101165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101165
39. Dyall SC, Michael-Titus AT. Neurological benefits of omega-3 fatty acids. Neuromolecular Med. 2008;10(4):219-35. doi: 10.1007/s12017-008-8036-z. Epub 2008 Jun 10. PMID: 18543124.
40. Stark, K. D., Van Elswyk, M. E., Higgins, M. R., Weatherford, C. A., & Salem, N., Jr. (2016, Jul). Global survey of the omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in the blood stream of healthy adults. Prog Lipid Res, 63, 132-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plipres.2016.05.001 [pii]10.1016/j.plipres.2016.05.001 Alzheimers Dement. 2017 Nov;13(11):1207-1216. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.03.003. Epub 2017 May 16
41. Theodore LE, Kellow NJ, McNeil EA, Close EO, Coad EG, Cardoso BR. Nut Consumption for Cognitive Performance: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr. 2021 Jun 1;12(3):777-792. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmaa153. PMID: 33330927; PMCID: PMC8166568.
42. Wood et al., 2022, Dietary and supplemental long‑chain omega‑3 fatty acids as moderators of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease.European Journal of Nutrition (2022) 61:589–604.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-021-02655-4.
43. Veronica Witte, Lucia Kerti, Henrike M. Hermannstädter, Jochen B. Fiebach, Stephan J. Schreiber, Jan Philipp Schuchardt, Andreas Hahn, Agnes Flöel, Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids Improve Brain Function and Structure in Older Adults, Cerebral Cortex, Volume 24, Issue 11, November 2014, Pages 3059–3068, https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bht163
44. Yurko-Mauro K, McCarthy D, Rom D, et al; Beneficial effects of docosahexaenoic acid on cognition in age-related cognitive decline. Alzheimers Dement. 2010; 6, 456-64
45. Quinn JF, Raman R, Thomas RG, et al; Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation and cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease: a randomized trial. JAMA, 2010; Nov 3;304(17):1903-11.
46. Cunnane, Stephen & Schneider, Julie & Tangney, Christine & Tremblay-Mercier, Jennifer & Fortier, Mélanie & Bennett, David & Morris, Martha. (2012). Plasma and Brain Fatty Acid Profiles in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease. Journal of Alzheimer’s disease : JAD. 29. 691-7. 10.3233/JAD-2012-110629.
47. Richter Y, Herzog Y, Lifshitz Y, Hayun R, Zchut S. The effect of soybean-derived phosphatidylserine on cognitive performance in elderly with subjective memory complaints: a pilot study. Clin Interv Aging. 2013;8:557-63. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S40348. Epub 2013 May 21. PMID: 23723695; PMCID: PMC3665496.
48. Schaefer EJ, Bongard V, Beiser AS, Lamon-Fava S, Robins SJ, Au R, Tucker KL, Kyle DJ, Wilson PW, Wolf PA. Plasma phosphatidylcholine docosahexaenoic acid content and risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease: the Framingham Heart Study. Arch Neurol. 2006 Nov;63(11):1545-50. doi: 10.1001/archneur.63.11.1545. PMID: 17101822.
49. Fairbairn P, Dyall SC, Tsofliou F. The Effects of Multi-Nutrient Formulas containing a Combination of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and B vitamins on Cognition in the older adult: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Br J Nutr. 2022 Apr 27:1-42. doi: 10.1017/S0007114522001283. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35473808.
50. Nakazaki E, Mah E, Sanoshy K, Citrolo D, Watanabe F. Citicoline and Memory Function in Healthy Older Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. J Nutr. 2021 Aug 7;151(8):2153-2160. doi:
51. Sommer I, Griebler U, Kien C, Auer S, Klerings I, Hammer R, Holzer P, Gartlehner G. Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr. 2017 Jan 13;17(1):16. doi: 10.1186/s12877-016-0405-0. PMID: 28086755; PMCID: PMC5237198;
52. Jayedi A, Rashidy-Pour A, Shab-Bidar S. Vitamin D status and risk of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease: A meta-analysis of dose-response †. Nutr Neurosci. 2019 Nov;22(11):750-759. doi: 10.1080/1028415X.2018.1436639. Epub 2018 Feb 15. PMID: 29447107;
53. Chai B, Gao F, Wu R, Dong T, Gu C, Lin Q, Zhang Y. Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer’s disease: an updated meta-analysis. BMC Neurol. 2019 Nov 13;19(1):284. doi: 10.1186/s12883-019-1500-6. PMID: 31722673; PMCID: PMC6854782.
54. Jia J, Hu J, Huo X, Miao R, Zhang Y, Ma F. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on cognitive function and blood Aβ-related biomarkers in older adults with Alzheimer’s disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2019 Dec;90(12):1347-1352. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2018-320199. Epub 2019 Jul 11. PMID: 31296588.
55. Feart C, Helmer C, Merle B, Herrmann FR, Annweiler C, Dartigues JF, Delcourt C, Samieri C. Associations of lower vitamin D concentrations with cognitive decline and long-term risk of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease in older adults. Alzheimers Dement. 2017 Nov;13(11):1207-1216. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.03.003. Epub 2017 May 16. PMID: 28522216.
DOMAIN 3 – Keep your Homocysteine Low with B vitamins
56. Van Dam F, Van Gool WA. Hyperhomocysteinemia and Alzheimer’s disease: A systematic review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2009; 48: 425-30.
57. Zhang X, Bao G, Liu D, Yang Y, Li X, Cai G, et al. The association between folate and Alzheimer’s Disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurosci. 2021; 15: 661198.
58. Smith AD, Refsum H. Homocysteine, B vitamins, and cognitive impairment. Annu Rev Nutr. 2016; 36: 211-39
59. Smith AD, Smith SM, de Jager CA, Whitbread P, Johnston C, Agacinski G, et al. Homocysteine-lowering by B vitamins slows the rate of accelerated brain atrophy in mild cognitive impairment. A randomized controlled trial. PLoS ONE. 2010; 5: e12244.
60. Smith AD, Refsum H, Bottiglieri T, Fenech M, Hooshmand B, McCaddon A, et al. Homocysteine and dementia: An international consensus statement. J Alzheimers Dis. 2018; 62: 561-70
61. Beydoun MA, Beydoun HA, Gamaldo AA, Teel A, Zonderman AB, Wang Y. Epidemiologic studies of modifiable factors associated with cognition and dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2014; 14: 643.
62. Yu JT, Xu W, Tan CC, Andrieu S, Suckling J, Evangelou E, et al. Evidence-based prevention of Alzheimer’s disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of 243 observational prospective studies and 153 randomised controlled trials. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2020; 91: 1201-9
63. Smith AD, Refsum H. Homocysteine – from disease biomarker to disease prevention. J Intern Med. 2021.
64. Durga J, van Boxtel MP, Schouten EG, Kok FJ, Jolles J, Katan MB, et al. Effect of 3-year folic acid supplementation on cognitive function in older adults in the FACIT trial: a randomised, double blind, controlled trial. Lancet. 2007; 369: 208-16.
65. Douaud G, Refsum H, de Jager CA, Jacoby R, Nichols TE, Smith SM, et al. Preventing Alzheimer’s disease-related gray matter atrophy by B-vitamin treatment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013; 110: 9523-8.
66. de Jager CA, Oulhaj A, Jacoby R, Refsum H, Smith AD. Cognitive and clinical outcomes of homocysteine-lowering B-vitamin treatment in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2012; 27: 592-600.
67. Aisen PS, Schneider LS, Sano M, Diaz-Arrastia R, van Dyck CH, Weiner MF, et al. High-dose B vitamin supplementation and cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2008; 300: 1774-83.
68. Jernerén F, Elshorbagy AK, Oulhaj A, Smith SM, Refsum H, Smith AD. Brain atrophy in cognitively impaired elderly: the importance of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 Jul;102(1):215-21. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.103283. Epub 2015 Apr 15. PMID: 25877495.
69. Oulhaj A, Jernerén F, Refsum H, Smith AD, de Jager CA. Omega-3 fatty acid status enhances the prevention of cognitive decline by B vitamins in Mild Cognitive Impairment J Alzheimer’s Dis. 2016; 50: 547-57.
70. Ma F, Zhou X, Li Q, Zhao J, Song A, An P, et al. Effects of folic acid and vitamin B12 , alone and in combination on cognitive function and inflammatory factors in the elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment: a single-blind experimental design. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2019; 16: 622-32.
71. Li M, Li W, Gao Y, Chen Y, Bai D, Weng J, et al. Effect of folic acid combined with docosahexaenoic acid intervention on mild cognitive impairment in elderly: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Nutr. 2020.
72. Sachdev PS. Alzheimer disease: Homocysteine and Alzheimer disease: an intervention study. Nat Rev Neurol. 2011; 7: 9-10; see also Smith AD, Refsum H. Homocysteine, B vitamins, and cognitive impairment. Annu Rev Nutr. 2016; 36: 211-39; see also Smith AD, Refsum H. Homocysteine – from disease biomarker to disease prevention. J Intern Med. 2021.
DOMAIN 4 – Eat and Drink Anti-Ageing Antioxidants and Polyphenols
73. Zhong G, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Guo JJ, Zhao Y (2015) Smoking Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Dementia: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies with Investigation of Potential Effect Modifiers. PLoS ONE 10(3): e0118333. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118333
74. Peters R, Ee N, Peters J, Booth A, Mudway I, Anstey KJ. Air Pollution and Dementia: A Systematic Review. J Alzheimers Dis. 2019;70(s1):S145-S163. doi: 10.3233/JAD-180631. PMID: 30775976; PMCID: PMC6700631.
78. Agarwal P, Holland TM, Wang Y, Bennett DA, Morris MC. Association of Strawberries and Anthocyanidin Intake with Alzheimer’s Dementia Risk. Nutrients. 2019 Dec 14;11(12):3060. doi: 10.3390/nu11123060. PMID: 31847371; PMCID: PMC6950087
79. Agarwal P, Holland TM, Wang Y, Bennett DA, Morris MC. Association of Strawberries and Anthocyanidin Intake with Alzheimer’s Dementia Risk. Nutrients. 2019 Dec 14;11(12):3060. doi: 10.3390/nu11123060. PMID: 31847371; PMCID: PMC6950087
81.Feng L, Chong MS, Lim WS, Lee TS, Kua EH, Ng TP. Tea for Alzheimer Prevention. J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2015;2(2):136-141. doi: 10.14283/jpad.2015.57. PMID: 29231231.
82. Román GC, Jackson RE, Reis J, Román AN, Toledo JB, Toledo E. Extra-virgin olive oil for potential prevention of Alzheimer disease. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2019 Dec;175(10):705-723. doi: 10.1016/j.neurol.2019.07.017. Epub 2019 Sep 11. PMID: 31521394.; Salis C, Papageorgiou L, Papakonstantinou E, Hagidimitriou M, Vlachakis D. Olive Oil Polyphenols in Neurodegenerative Pathologies. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1195:77-91. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-32633-3_12. PMID: 32468462.
84. Lefèvre-Arbogast S, Gaudout D, Bensalem J, Letenneur L, Dartigues JF, Hejblum BP, Féart C, Delcourt C, Samieri C. Pattern of polyphenol intake and the long-term risk of dementia in older persons. Neurology. 2018 May 29;90(22):e1979-e1988. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000005607. Epub 2018 Apr 27. PMID: 29703769.
85. Valls-Pedret C, Sala-Vila A, Serra-Mir M, Corella D, de la Torre R, Martínez-González MÁ, Martínez-Lapiscina EH, Fitó M, Pérez-Heras A, Salas-Salvadó J, Estruch R, Ros E. Mediterranean Diet and Age-Related Cognitive Decline: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2015 Jul;175(7):1094-1103. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.1668. Erratum in: JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1731-1732. PMID: 25961184.
86. Travica N, Ried K, Sali A, Scholey A, Hudson I, Pipingas A. Vitamin C Status and Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2017 Aug 30;9(9):960. doi: 10.3390/nu9090960. PMID: 28867798; PMCID: PMC5622720.
87. Yu JT, Xu W, Tan CC, Andrieu S, Suckling J, Evangelou E, Pan A, Zhang C, Jia J, Feng L, Kua EH, Wang YJ, Wang HF, Tan MS, Li JQ, Hou XH, Wan Y, Tan L, Mok V, Tan L, Dong Q, Touchon J, Gauthier S, Aisen PS, Vellas B. Evidence-based prevention of Alzheimer’s disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of 243 observational prospective studies and 153 randomised controlled trials. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2020 Nov;91(11):1201-1209. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-321913. Epub 2020 Jul 20. PMID: 32690803; PMCID: PMC7569385
88. Basambombo LL, Carmichael PH, Côté S, Laurin D. Use of Vitamin E and C Supplements for the Prevention of Cognitive Decline. Ann Pharmacother. 2017 Feb;51(2):118-124. doi: 10.1177/1060028016673072. Epub 2016 Oct 5. PMID: 27708183.
91. Dysken MW, Sano M, Asthana S, Vertrees JE, Pallaki M, Llorente M, et al. Effect of vitamin e and memantine on functional decline in alzheimer disease. JAMA. (2014) 311:33–44. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.282834
92. Agarwal P, Holland TM, Wang Y, Bennett DA, Morris MC. Association of Strawberries and Anthocyanidin Intake with Alzheimer’s Dementia Risk. Nutrients. 2019 Dec 14;11(12):3060. doi: 10.3390/nu11123060. PMID: 31847371; PMCID: PMC6950087.
92. Yang X, Zhang Y, Xu H, Luo X, Yu J, Liu J, Chang RC. Neuroprotection of Coenzyme Q10 in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Top Med Chem. 2016;16(8):858-66. doi: 10.2174/1568026615666150827095252. PMID: 26311425.
93. Gomes BAQ, Silva JPB, Romeiro CFR, Dos Santos SM, Rodrigues CA, Gonçalves PR, Sakai JT, Mendes PFS, Varela ELP, Monteiro MC. Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Resveratrol in Alzheimer’s Disease: Role of SIRT1. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2018 Oct 30;2018:8152373. doi: 10.1155/2018/8152373. PMID: 30510627; PMCID: PMC6232815.
94. Rodriguez-Mateos A, Vauzour D, Krueger CG, Shanmuganayagam D, Reed J, Calani L, Mena P, Del Rio D, Crozier A. Bioavailability, bioactivity and impact on health of dietary flavonoids and related compounds: an update. Arch Toxicol. 2014 Oct;88(10):1803-53. doi: 10.1007/s00204-014-1330-7. Epub 2014 Sep 3. PMID: 25182418.
DOMAIN 5 – A Healthy Gut is a Healthy Brain
92. Guo H, Chang S, Pi X, Hua F, Jiang H, Liu C, Du M. The Effect of Periodontitis on Dementia and Cognitive Impairment: A Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jun 25;18(13):6823. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18136823. PMID: 34202071; PMCID: PMC8297088.
93. Scherer RX, Scherer WJ. U.S. state correlations between oral health metrics and Alzheimer’s disease mortality, prevalence and subjective cognitive decline prevalence. Sci Rep. 2020 Dec 1;10(1):20962. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-77937-8. PMID: 33262437; PMCID: PMC7708488.
94. Vogiatzoglou A, Refsum H, Johnston C, Smith SM, Bradley KM, de Jager C, Budge MM, Smith AD. Vitamin B12 status and rate of brain volume loss in community-dwelling elderly. Neurology. 2008 Sep 9;71(11):826-32. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000325581.26991.f2. PMID: 18779510.
95. Momtaz YA, Hamid TA, Ibrahim R. Gastritis May Boost Odds of Dementia. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease & Other Dementias®. 2014;29(5):452-456. doi:10.1177/1533317513518654
96. Chen CH, Lin CL, Kao CH. Irritable Bowel Syndrome Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Dementia: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. PLoS One. 2016 Jan 5;11(1):e0144589. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144589. PMID: 26731277; PMCID: PMC4701489.
97. Franceschi F, Ojetti V, Candelli M, Covino M, Cardone S, Potenza A, Simeoni B, Gabrielli M, Sabia L, Gasbarrini G, Lopetuso L, Scaldaferri F, Rossini PM, Gasbarrini A. Microbes and Alzheimer’ disease: lessons from H. pylori and GUT microbiota. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2019 Jan;23(1):426-430. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_201901_16791. PMID: 30657587.
98. Maes ML, Fixen DR, Linnebur SA. Adverse effects of proton-pump inhibitor use in older adults: a review of the evidence. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2017 Sep;8(9):273-297. doi: 10.1177/2042098617715381. Epub 2017 Jun 29. PMID: 28861211; PMCID: PMC5557164.
100. Fröhlich EE, Farzi A, Mayerhofer R, Reichmann F, Jačan A, Wagner B, Zinser E, Bordag N, Magnes C, Fröhlich E, Kashofer K, Gorkiewicz G, Holzer P. Cognitive impairment by antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis: Analysis of gut microbiota-brain communication. Brain Behav Immun. 2016 Aug;56:140-55. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.02.020. Epub 2016 Feb 23. PMID: 26923630; PMCID: PMC5014122.
101. Aranburu, E.; Matias, S.; Simón, E.; Larretxi, I.; Martínez, O.; Bustamante, M.Á.; Fernández-Gil, M.d.P.; Miranda, J. Gluten and FODMAPs Relationship with Mental Disorders: Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1894. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13061894
102. Watson H, Mitra S, Croden FC, Taylor M, Wood HM, Perry SL, Spencer JA, Quirke P, Toogood GJ, Lawton CL, Dye L, Loadman PM, Hull MA. A randomised trial of the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplements on the human intestinal microbiota. Gut. 2018 Nov;67(11):1974-1983. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314968. Epub 2017 Sep 26. PMID: 28951525.
103. Sochocka M, Donskow-Łysoniewska K, Diniz BS, Kurpas D, Brzozowska E, Leszek J. The Gut Microbiome Alterations and Inflammation-Driven Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease-a Critical Review. Mol Neurobiol. 2019 Mar;56(3):1841-1851. doi: 10.1007/s12035-018-1188-4. Epub 2018 Jun 23. PMID: 29936690; PMCID: PMC6394610.
104. Cryan JF, O’Riordan KJ, Cowan CSM, Sandhu KV, Bastiaanssen TFS, Boehme M, Codagnone MG, Cussotto S, Fulling C, Golubeva AV, Guzzetta KE, Jaggar M, Long-Smith CM, Lyte JM, Martin JA, Molinero-Perez A, Moloney G, Morelli E, Morillas E, O’Connor R, Cruz-Pereira JS, Peterson VL, Rea K, Ritz NL, Sherwin E, Spichak S, Teichman EM, van de Wouw M, Ventura-Silva AP, Wallace-Fitzsimons SE, Hyland N, Clarke G, Dinan TG. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Physiol Rev. 2019 Oct 1;99(4):1877-2013. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2018. PMID: 31460832.
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