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There is no doubt that autism diagnoses, both across the UK and US are escalating at a worrying rate.

A clear illustration of this is the recently published Scottish Schools Census, showing a year by year steady increase in the percentage of Scottish schoolchildren with a diagnosis. Last year, one in 21 schoolchildren had an autism diagnosis, of which one in 14 are boys. This represents a 43-fold increase in 20 years.

As discussed at Food for the Brain’s Smart Kids conference, research is consistently showing that serum homocysteine, which you can test with us at home here, is a reliable indicator of both folate and B12 status and with each unit increase in homocysteine pre-conceptually, the core symptoms required for an autism diagnosis go up. (1)

The majority of studies show that lack of pre-natal folic acid supplementation or low folate, increase the risk of aspects of neurodivergence. Studies on B12 are less clear however. Further studies are under way which will help determine both the optimal level of folate and B12 and whether they are synergistic, as has been found in Alzheimer’s prevention. Our view is that homocysteine should be measured and high levels lowered with appropriate diet and supplementation.

A recent study of 3,000 EU children reported that one third had B12 levels below 200pg/ml, (2) with deficiency more prevalent in vegan children. Another EU survey reports than only one in ten overweight women supplement folic acid in pregnancy. This is really concerning.

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It’s the total load – not just one thing

The over-arching theme of this excellent conference was that of ‘total load’ and the interaction between predisposing genes and a nutritional deficient diet and/or toxic overload. It stressed the need to think in terms of the ‘total load’ on a child at critical stages of development, starting in pregnancy. A study of 192 twin pairs, published in the Archives of General Psychiatry, concluded that environmental factors were a greater contributor than heritability, contributing 55% of risk (3). 

Additionally, there are many gene variations which don’t cause, but do increase the risk of neurodivergence. An example is a methylation gene variant MTHFR677TT, which increases risk for both autism and Alzheimer’s. Healthy methylation requires B vitamins, especially vitamin B12 and folate, found in ‘foliage’ – vegetables and greens. A study in China in the journal ‘Frontiers in Paediatrics’(4), comparing several thousand with or without this gene variation found that having it “… was associated with the increased risk of autism. For those mothers and children who are generally susceptible to autism, prenatal folate and vitamin B12 may reduce the risk that children suffer from autism.” This is just one example of the gene-environment interplay.

The results of a survey by the Autism Research Institute of over 27,000 parents who rated different nutritional interventions they tried, rating whether their child got better or worse, reported some clear winners of diet changes and supplements. The following had 10:1 or better ratings. 

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‘Life-changing’ improvement through dietary changes…

Another parent-reporting survey conducted by the UK charity Thinking Autism in 2014 (5), involving similar dietary guidance, and written up into a report by academics at Queen Mary, University of London in 2016, found that, out of 237 families who reported using various dietary interventions with their children with autism, 170 families reported either ‘life-changing’ or ‘significant’ improvements, while only 12 children were reported as having  no noticeable change.

If you are a practitioner and would like a deep dive into the Smart Kids conference, recordings are now available.

If you are a parent or are neurodivergent yourself and would like to hear from clinicians who have considerable experience in helping those with symptoms get better, the Optimising Neurodivergence webinar is now available.

But first, do complete the COGNITION for Smart Kids test (or the COGNITION test if you are a parent or practitioner) to help both our research and help yourself at the same time. 

Here’s an example report.

Food for the Brain is a not-for-profit educational and research charity that offers a free Cognitive Function Test and assesses your Dementia Risk Index to be able to advise you on how to dementia-proof your diet and lifestyle.

By completing the Cognitive Function Test you are joining our grassroots research initiative to find out what really works for preventing cognitive decline. We share our ongoing research results with you to help you make brain-friendly choices.

Please support our research by becoming a Friend of Food for the Brain.

References:

1 Roigé-Castellví J, Murphy M, Fernández-Ballart J, Canals J. Moderately elevated preconception fasting plasma total homocysteine is a risk factor for psychological problems in childhood. Public Health Nutr. 2019 Jun;22(9):1615-1623. doi: 10.1017/S1368980018003610. Epub 2019 Jan 14. PMID: 30636652; PMCID: PMC10261079.
2 Kara İS, Peker NA, Dolğun İ, Mertoğlu C. Vitamin B12 Level in Children. J Curr Pediatr. 2023 Aug;21(2):127-134. doi:10.4274/jcp.2023.75688.
3 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4440679/
4 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7987783/
5 https://www.thinkingautism.org.uk/taking-action/resources-and-publications/health-and-service-provision-for-people-with-autism/